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The Need for Mentoring in the Bay Area
A Social Disconnect — continued

 

The problems of poverty also become
entrenched for generations.

What does that look like?

“Psychological problems and social dependency seem to recur in the same families over the course of multiple generations,” said a 2004 article in the Annual Revue of Psychology.  “Many problematic behavior patterns, including school dropout, early parenthood, substance abuse, and criminality are associated with low socioeconomic status.” 11

In addition, children who are entrenched in intergenerational poverty:

  • “Have fewer and less socially supportive networks”12
  • “Are more likely to rely on peers than adults”13
  • Lead significantly more stressful lives, even as young children14
  • Feel a less significant sense of belonging to their schools15
  • Are significantly less likely to have well qualified teachers16
  • Are twice as likely as middle-income adolescents to report the presence of weapons or physical assaults in their schools17
  • Have lower expectations and “more limited aspirations than their better-off peers. In a context of continuous disappointment, low expectations can be considered a psychological coping strategy.”18

 

These effects push the cycle of poverty down to the next generation. Poverty encloses the horizons of young people.

 

Footnotes
  1. Data provided by Education Week
  2. Based on 2000 Census Data compiled by the National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
  3. Compiled from the 2005 Census update
  4. The Concentration of Negative Child Outcomes in Low-Income Neighborhoods; Mark Mather and Kerri L. Rivers; The Annie E. Casey Foundation Population Reference Bureau, February 2006
  5. Compiled from the 2005 Census update
  6. Serving Low-income Families in Poverty Neighborhoods; Using Promising Programs and Practices: Building a Foundation for Redesigning Public and Nonprofit Social Services; Bay Area Social Services Coalition
  7. The Environment of Childhood Poverty; American Psychologist; Volume 59(2), February/March 2004, p 77-92
  8. Concentrated Poverty vs. Concentrated Affluence: Effects on Neighborhood Social Environments and Children's Outcomes; Anne R. Pebley and Narayan Sastry; RAND; May, 2003
  9. As rich-poor gap widens in U.S., class mobility stalls; David Wessel; Wall Street Journal, Friday, May 13, 2005
  10. Enduring Poverty and the Conditions of Childhood: Lifecourse and Intergenerational Poverty Transmissions; Caroline Harper, Rachel Marcus, Karen Moore; World Development Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 535–554, 2003
  11. The Intergenerational Transfer of Psychosocial Risk; Mediators, Vulnerability and Resilience; Lisa A. Serbin and Jennifer Karp; Annual Revue of Psychology, 55:333-63, 2004
  12. The Environment of Childhood Poverty; American Psychologist; Volume 59(2), February/March 2004, p 77-92
  13. Ibid
  14. Ibid
  15. Ibid
  16. Ibid
  17. Ibid
  18. Enduring Poverty and the Conditions of Childhood: Lifecourse and Intergenerational Poverty Transmissions; Caroline Harper, Rachel Marcus, Karen Moore; World Development Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 535–554, 2003